Outline of biology: how the plants are made
To understand better how to grow them to help get an idea of how indicative are made and how they perform vital functions in plants.
stoma on a tomato plant
The vascular system
This set of "pipes" of nutrients and allows the circulation of the sap through the plant.
It 'consists of two distinct parts:
The xylem is a set of plant tissue that transports water and substances dissolved in it.
Contains blood vessels (called tracheids and trachea) through which water flows yet for a hundred meters (think for example the redwoods), solar energy and the phenomenon of evaporation during transpiration.
The phloem, also known as tissue sieve or book, is the tissue that transports the sap from the area in which it is produced at the plant or to serve as deputy to the accumulation.
The movement occurs through the lymph organs called molecular pumps at a rate ranging from 10 to 100 cm per hour.
The roots
The plant uses the roots, root hairs and in particular, to cater to the needs for nutrients, oxygen and water.
These tiny hairs are present at the end where the roots remain alive a few days. Reappear gradually follow the natural development of the root.
That's why when the roots do not have enough space for proper growth of the plant suffers from shortcomings, failing to grow new hair.
The leaves
The upper side is filled with parenchymatous tissue formed by cells rich in chloroplasts appointed to photosynthesis.
On the bottom are the stomata, valves that allow gas exchange between interior and exterior, in particular the release of water vapor and the entry of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
The leaves often there is a large reserve of sugars.
Each part of the plant is essential for correctly performing the three functions that regulate the life: photosynthesis, respiration and perspiration.
Photosynthesis is the process that provides the plant with the addition of sugar to water, carbon dioxide and energy provided by the sun, which are converted into carbohydrates.
That's why in case of lack of these elements will be limited photosynthesis, sugar production and the plant suffers little.
In an indoor growing the most frequent causes of photosynthesis are difficult:
crowding of the plants or the excess moisture that limit ventilation and good air circulation so the CO2.
Poor lighting, inadequate light source or leaves that shade each other (too many plants or too lush). To get an idea of the importance of light just think that most of those received is used to heat the leaves and allow perspiration. Only 3% is used for photosynthesis.
Inadequate watering of the roots, often due not to a real shortage of water, but a bad design of the system, which includes a waste water system.
Respiration is the process that occurs in the mitochondria, cellular organelles prevalent in areas of plant growth, and that converts the sugars into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
This is a high-energy compound that fuels many processes, such as the development of flowers, leaves, buds, roots and root hairs, introduction of sugars into the phloem, removal of nutrients.
To obtain the ATP plant needs oxygen (through the roots) and simple sugars (produced by photosynthesis).
If oxygen were to be inadequate the cause may be a block in the development of the root, or poor aeration of the nutrient solution.
This fact should always be able to absorb oxygen along its path through waterfalls, hills or slopes that prevent stagnation. Will be sufficient to return the water in the tank falling from a few centimeters to improve its quality.
To further increase the percentage of oxygen you can use an air pump with airstone in the tank, or water given to plants with sprinklers.
The concentration of oxygen is recommended 3mg / L, but it is advisable to increase if the temperature rises (up to 7 mg / L for a hypothetical ambient to 40 °).
The process of evaporation of water from the plant is called transpiration and is critical in the distribution of water and nutrients from roots to tops.
It occurs mostly through the stomata present on the underside of leaves and eliminates most of the water absorbed, keeping a small part for photosynthesis, the chemical reactions and cellular hydration.
A bad sweating leads to a lack of nutrients on the ends and may be due to excessive humidity or temperature is too low. Excessive sweating can occur in case of strong wind, extreme heat and bright light.
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