How does permaculture |

May 7

How does permaculture

Bill Mollison, the originator of the permaculture (or permaculture), was born in Stanley, a small fishing village in Tasmania, in 1928. Like all the other inhabitants of his country, has learned to do all sorts of work necessary for survival: fishing, farming, hunting, working the metal, make bread, make clothes, shoes, furniture, home ...
At nearly 28 years he spent all his time in the mountains or the sea. Fished and hunted for a living. It was not until the 50s that he began to see that some parts of the world in which he lived were disappearing. The fish and seaweed near the shore to dry up. Large areas of the forest began to die. Until then I had never realized what was fond of everything that surrounded him, loved his country.
After many years working as a scientist at the CSIRO (observation section of the wildlife and fisheries department, began to protest against the industrial and political systems that, in his view, were destroying the world around them.
He soon realized, however, that the opposition would not have led nowhere, and for two years he withdrew from society to not waste time in fruitless confrontations. He decided to return only if he found something very positive, something that would allow everyone to live without collapsing of biological systems.
In 1968 he began teaching at the University of Tasmania, and with David Holmgren in 1974 devised a system of sustainable agriculture based on perennial cropping of trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants (vegetables and "weeds"), mushrooms and potatoes. For this method coined the word "permaculture". They spent a long time to conceptualize the principles of permaculture and build a garden full of different species. This research culminated in the publication of the book Permaculture 1 in 1978, which followed a year later Permaculture 2.

Public reaction to permaculture was varied. The community of professionals was outraged, because they were combined with agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry and all those who considered themselves specialists in their field were offended. Instead, the popular reaction was very different. Many people were thinking in the same direction. They were unhappy with the way it was practiced agriculture and were looking for natural ecological systems.

HOW IT 'DEVELOPED

In the '70s saw Mollison permaculture as a set of synergistic plants and animals, in relation to human settlements, particularly that aimed all'autoapprovvigionamento family and community, at most, a commercial outlet for what they could exceed the needs of this system.
Inevitably, the permaculture has come to mean more that self-sufficiency for the feeding of the family. Self-sufficiency is not possible if the people have no access to land, information and economic resources. Thus, in recent years permaculture has begun to address legal and appropriate financial strategies, including strategies for access to land, structures and contractual cash flows at the regional level. And 'thus become a global human system.
In 1979 Mollison gave up the post of professor and decided to do nothing but try to get people to build good biological systems. He designed some properties on the basis of the principles of permaculture and sopravvise for a bit 'of time fishing and farming potatoes.
In December 1981 I received the book Permaculture in Stockholm on the Alternative Nobel Prize Right Livelihood Foundation.
Also in 1981 he graduated the first students of a course in permaculture design standards and they also began to design permaculture systems in Australia. In 1991 the number of graduates in 4000 had come around the world, all committed to some form of work and social environment.

Were born in Europe are Academies of Permaculture for several years in Germany and Great Britain, and for some years in Spain. The UK is the largest with over 900 members and in 1999 issued the 70 ° degree.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

- Taking care of the earth
- Take care of people
- Reduce our consumption of our need to share equitably the resources of the earth and supportive

PRINCIPLES FOR THE DESIGN

We list here a brief summary of the principles that form the guidelines for the design in permaculture. The applications and their interactions are the subject of study of theoretical and practical courses that are held for very many years all over the world, and recently also in Italy.

- Work with and not against
- Everything affects everything: identifies the functional relationships between the various elements
- Think before you act and make the slightest change to get the maximum result
- Mistakes are opportunities to learn
- Each element in a natural system performs many functions, trying to exploit the full potential of each element
- Each function can be performed by several factors. Designs so that all important functions can be carried out even when some element does not work.
- The whole is greater than the sum of the parts
- Every problem contains within itself the solution: it transforms limits into opportunities
- Favor the biodiversity plans to increase the relations between elements rather than the number of elements
- Minimize the external energy, designing systems that exploit the resources on site, recycles and reuses as much as possible
- Schedule future developments

APPLICATIONS

We're pushing the physical limits of the Earth. We can not continue to cause pollution, satisfy our hunger for energy and raw materials at its current pace, because we are consuming non-renewable resources.
Permaculture offers an approach to land management in which the functions of animals, plants, people and the Earth are recognized and integrated to maximize results and achieve sustainable human environments.
You can then apply to all human activities and has now found its highest expression in the development of eco-villages.
Since the integration of all fields of human knowledge, it can be accessed as architects, surveyors, planners, as well as by agronomists, farmers, teachers, economists, biologists, physicians, ecologists, carpenters, clerks, laborers ... the synergy knowledge and different cultural backgrounds can set up working very constructive and fruitful creative solutions applicable in many different fields.

THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

In Italian are available:

- Permaculture. A perennial agriculture for Human Settlements, translation of the book Permaculture One by B. Mollison, Holmgren D., edited by Andreas Giannozzo Pucci and Perschke, published in the series "Papers of Ontignano" by the publisher of The Fierucola Fiesole (tel . 055-6549006)
- Introduction to Permaculture, by Marco Spinosa, Macroedizioni
- Articles that quote in full on our website www.permacultura.it

There are many publications in English, available at: www.permaculture.co.uk

The ACADEMY OF ITALIAN Permaculture

At the end of the first permaculture courses held in Italy, a group of students under the supervision of teachers is continuing the process of learning Spanish and have enrolled at the Academy of Permaculture, which opened a branch office in Italy at the Cultural Association Torri Superiore. The purpose of this process, once consegnanti the first diplomas in Italy, Italian Academy is founded, which may continue to spread the principles and spirit of permaculture.

Source: www.permacultura.it

For more information on the spread of permaculture in Italy, see the appropriate section of the site www.permacultura.it