The biological clock
of Singlinde Winkler, director of the company Hesi and chemical engineer
Daily life is influenced by the sun, and every living creature on Earth will feel the effects. 
For example, when traveling by air across several time zones, we can easily see the effect on the rhythms of sleep / wake.
Plants use light to produce sugars, and are developed accordingly in the direction from which the light source, by adjusting its activity to the cycles of light / dark.
The trees have eyes everywhere!
In fact there are entire surface of the sensory organs that are designed not to absorb solar energy, but of assessing the intensity of light, so we know which direction to orient and direct the growth.
Plants have two different types of sensors: the phyto-chromosomes, they perceive the red light in, and they see the blue receptors in the UV spectrum.
RED-EYE
The phyto-chromosomes behave as switches in important reactions, stimulated by red light activates special processes such as seed germination.
Some plant varieties in fact, such as lettuce, do not germinate in the dark.
The activity of phyto-chromosomes can be verified by a simple experiment: expose a saucer with the seeds for a minute of pure red light (660 nm) and the reaction will be sprouting.
By exposing the seeds to another minute of light more red (730 nm) did not germinate anything, but another minute red 660 nm here is what created the maps.
There is certainly a relationship between the quantity and quality of light and the success rate in germination of seeds.
The phyto-chromosomes are partly responsible for the production of the legendary Florigeno hormone, which appears to induce flowering when the photoperiod appears ideal.
That is a delicate stage of flowering, and the respect of the period of darkness is essential.
Just a dim light (25 watts) on stage for half an hour of darkness to block the onset of flowering: the plant will remain in a vegetative state until recurrence of the lighting conditions are more favorable.
E 'possible use of the light to adjust at will the stage of development and to better manage the plants, leading to the next stage of growth according to specific needs.
BLUE EYES
The plants possess many receptors capable of detecting the blue and purple in the UV spectrum, so as to direct the growth towards the source of light more intense.
All the green parts of the plant are literally covered with these sensitive organs, which are also present on the roots with the opposite purpose: to drive the root system away from light, then under the ground.
The plants thus self-regulating, in order to obtain stability and balance without confusing the signals that drive the piston rod with those relating to the root system.
The ultraviolet (UV) can be divided into two categories, UV-A and UV-B
The UV-B are components of the spectrum of sunlight strong, penetrating, from which we protect ourselves with sunscreen, which may lead, in large doses, the notorious skin cancer.
The plants are able to sense and measure the UV-B, and if the intensity is too large pores on the leaves are closed and photosynthesis ceases.
In fact this is the only way to stop the process of photosynthesis, which is automatic and perpetual, where there is sufficient light and air.
If the lighting becomes too strong, the overproduction of sugars leads to a loss of fluids through perspiration, and damage from UV-B.
It 'a phenomenon that can be observed frequently during the middle of hot days, especially at high altitudes where rays are most intense.
The plants then fight this risk by reducing the area of leaves exposed to the sun and causing them to hang down along the stem, absorbing the water inside the pores and closing precisely in order to block the photosynthesis.
Now that we understand that plants "see" the light and adjust accordingly, you can "calculate" the duration of the photoperiod, and stages of development are closely related to all this, so we can get plants that are in production throughout the cycles shorten days if day / night?
But absolutely not.
The plants need a photoperiod adjusted to their needs, providing approximately 12 hours of night, I can not force totally unnatural rhythms, or the plants would end up getting sick.
May be used at a maximum of some trick to make more practical the management of the cultivation, so as to facilitate the next step of growth in the most appropriate time.
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
Animals, plants, bacteria, all are naturally predisposed to waiting the sunrise every morning.
The discovery of the biological clock that makes "the switch is" not very far into the future.
Called and Cripto-chromosome, although we are aware of his presence for a long, it was recognized to have timer functions of the body only in 1998.
The Crypto-chromosome directly controls the biological clock and maintains circadian rhythms (circadian rhythm is a roughly 24 hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings. The term "circadian", coined by Franz Halberg, comes from the Latin about and dies, "day", meaning literally "around the day").
The blue rays present in the solar spectrum have a peak twice a day, at dawn and dusk: the Crypto-chromosome perceives this change and set the clock in order to calibrate the life cycle.
IF YOU NEED TO KNOW MORE '
The biological clock works like this:
two proteins that interact with each other form the core clock, is a "timeless," the other "takes time".
The salt concentration of these proteins during the 12 hours like a tide: once you reach the peak production stops and the level begins to fall, in a continuous cycle.
The concentration of clock molecules is idling in the morning, and rises during the day.
With high exposure to blue-chromosome Cripto protein activates and stops the "timeless", so that the biological clock back to zero.
The plants the correct level every morning and every night, so the rhythm is established and maintained.
The circadian rhythm works even without the light of day, but may be altered in a manner which may be severe, as well as a broken clock whose hands will continue to run but showing the wrong time.
The plants process the information they perceive in their analysis of the light source, so that we can pre-program the flowering stage and to achieve growth as functional as possible for the best exposure possible.
If the photoperiod is changed while the clock is recalibrated the circadian rhythm continues, it is clear that this alters the biological rhythm of the plant, which will take time and energy to make up the balance, at the expense of growth and production.
